A Winter Meditation

 

Welcoming Winter

Like most gardeners, I’m a firm believer in celebration. Almost any event or occasion can be taken as an excuse both to make merry and to be consciously grateful together. The first snowdrops, the first flower on the hardy cyclamen, the first bright bells on the nodding hellebores, the first spangle of stars on the winter jasmine, all are cause for shared pleasure and appreciation.

The mystic philosopher-musician, Abbess Hildegard of Bingen, told her flock back in 1142 that people were cast out of the original garden for ingratitude, and that being properly grateful was the way back. Hildegard’s medieval hymns and prayers offer genuine delight in what IS, rather than a plea for the provision of what is not.

The Practice of Gratitude

For gardeners, this kind of gratitude comes easily. Who can walk unmoved through the garden in any season, surrounded by such astonishing beauty and such generously flowing abundance? Even in winter, we can find innumerable signs of life and change. Here, a new shoot, there, a fallen seed pod producing a thick fur of green sprouts.

Perhaps, for those with eyes to see, there is even more to be found than that. All my life, I have searched the winter garden for signs of spring, seeking the promise of warmth and beauty to come. It is only now, in (late) middle age, that I begin to understand that winter is to be appreciated for itself. This is not an easy gratitude, yet it feels even deeper than the spontaneous sort that cascades from happy hearts.

The Nature of Winter

Winter is not simply a passage between autumn glory and spring bounty. It is not only fallow. Indeed, winter is not empty at all. As gardeners are fully aware, it is a time of rest and renewal, of slow and slumbering growth. It is a time for regrouping, consolidating, gathering strength.

Winter has another face, one we usually think of as less benevolent, if no less “natural”. Winter is a time for weeding out weak plants, or those not adapted to our climate. Where a hundred infant lilies passed peacefully into autumn sleep, maybe only thirty will awaken. Frost and root rots thin not only seedlings but mature plants that have passed their prime as well.

Winter Loss, Winter Gain

When a precious plant fails to reappear in spring, nature’s relentless purging feels sorrowful. Indeed, I have sometimes replanted a favorite five or six times, unwilling to accept that I can’t grow absolutely everything I want to. Unwilling, too, to find an acceptable substitute in some of the few thousand plants I can grow with relative ease.

When winter robs me of a beloved dream, I feel bitter against it,  longing for warmer climes where summer never ends. However, winter is actually a time of enormous activity. If little is visible on the surface, a great deal is going on underground. Roots are lengthening. Pale shoots are inching upward through frozen soil, forcing their way up toward light and air. Embryo flowers are forming inside bulbs, their cramped folds tucked inside tightly compressed buds.

Winter Changes

This implicit burgeoning has a powerful symbolic resonance because it echoes our own patterns of change. We, too, go through such periods. Life may seem drab and slack, empty and blank, yet under the skin, we may be full almost to bursting with hidden riches. That very fullness creates a pressure that can be experienced as pain. Indeed, in medical terms, pain IS pressure.

Emotional pressure can hurt as much as any physical sensation. The building urgency of impending change, as experience is slowly pushing wisdom toward birth, can cause acute discomfort. I have no idea how a plant perceives winter, but for people, there is comfort in recognizing these times of slow, sometimes painful growth for what they are.

Waiting Brings Fulfillment

Until that newborn wisdom breaks the surface of our awareness, like a stubborn daffodil puncturing pavement, it can feel as though nothing at all is happening. Because our culture prizes the obvious, we may experience our inner winter as empty waiting, frustrating and without fulfillment.

When only the pain is recognized, we struggle against the process. It helps to understand that hidden changes are occurring. When we can calm down and cooperate, breathing into the stillness, we can listen and learn a lot faster. Blooming spring can’t come until solemn winter has prepared the way.

The Wonder of Winter

These days, I am celebrating winter for itself. I am seeing the sleeping garden as half full and half empty. I remember that a daffodil forced to bloom indoors in January may never recover. One that spends the winter building roots and rises to bloom in March or April will divide itself in a few years, splitting into several young bulbs. I’m remembering the power of patience and how to value seasonal delights in their proper season. This burgeoning awareness feels like something genuinely worth celebrating.

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Lighting Up The Winter Garden

Winter In Willow

Over the years, I’ve collected an amazing packet of pictures from a friend who lives–and gardens–in Willow, Alaska. Whenever I am tempted to moan about our relentlessly wet winters, I think about Les Brake, whose Willow garden is a fairy tale of incredible beauty. During the brief but intense summer, the garden holds towering meadow rues that fill the air like electrical purple lace. His roses are phenomenally large and fragrant. The beds are carpeted with poppies in smoky purples and reds.

In winter, of course, the garden lies under a deep blanket of snow that can reach six or eight or ten feet. Les gets ready for spring by covering every available surface with seed trays of delphiniums and hollyhocks and dozens of vivid annuals. By February, he sometimes can’t even find the table top anymore and every meal becomes a picnic.

Ice Flowers Bring Light In Dark Times

One year, Les grew tired of doing without the brilliant colors of summer. He went out and bought some food coloring–a LOT of food coloring. A while later, he sent pictures of his new craft project–the flowers of winter. Les had created a series of vivid ice flowers, some of which stood several feet high. He carved and sculpted slabs of colored ice into floral shapes, some simple, some intricate. All were lit from within by candles and small flashlights, giving them a soft glow that lit up the dark Alaskan day like stars. The result was sheer magic.

Over time, Les made dozens of sculptural ice flowers and opened the garden to tours to benefit the local library and several organizations that help kids in need. As the days grew darker and longer, more and more people came to see the lovely lights and revel in the transformational experience. I think the flowers of winter will be a fixture in Willow for a long time to come and will certainly inspire others to emulate this enchanting idea in their own gardens.

Smoke And Mirrors

It is rarely cold enough for ice flowers around here, yet the idea of bringing light and reflections into the winter garden is an excellent one. One of my favorite holiday gifts was a set of Mexican red clay lanterns that hold fat, long burning candles. Set about the garden, these provide a soft, flickering illumination that glimmers off the glossy surfaces of glazed pots and containers.

Garden mirrors also bounce light into dark places beautifully. I like to use them in  unexpected places, where they surprise us with a glimpse of light that pierces the winter gloom. In a former garden, a battered old thrift shop mirror hung from a tree in a dim woodland part of the garden, where it shimmered like lost water amid the shadows. Another in a marvelously tacky gilded frame was tastefully tucked under the porch steps, where turned the deep recess into a grotto and illuminated a collection of weird rocks.

Water Of Life

Real water reflects light best of all and has the power of a natural force as well. Hollow stones full of water bring birds for daily bathing and capture the flow of clouds across the ragged sky when not in active use. Water jars do the same thing, of course, but because they are vulnerable to winter frosts, ceramic pots and containers are best saved for summer.

Every garden is livelier for the presence of water. The easiest way to bring water into the garden is to add a winter-proof birdbath. This also attracts the birds, of course, which can make for a lot of exciting action in a previously quiet corner of the yard. If the birds don’t find their new bath right away, try scattering a handful of apples around its base. Many birds love to eat apples and will flock to the food en route to the water.

Watery Reflections

Where space allows, a reflecting pool is the logical next step. These days, there are dozens of kits and pre-made pool forms that simplify the pool creating process greatly. All you need is a shovel–or a teenager with a shovel–and you can have an attractive pool in an hour or so. A few plants along the sides will help to mask the hard edges and give those rigid shapes a more comfortable and natural look.

Some of the best candidates are evergreen grasses such as the elegant, gold striped Carex morrowii ‘Variegata’. This charming spiller has a tidy but relaxed form and holds its good looks into maturity. The Asian sweet flag, Acorus gramineus ‘Ogon’ has slim, narrowly striped leaves in cream and chartreuse. Also evergreen, these look especially lovely in winter, when they glow with buttery brilliance on grey, misty days.

Splash And Trickle

If you have room, it’s always tempting to add a larger and more active water feature such as a recirculating water fall. These come in many sizes with price tags to suit almost any budget, including the modest. Pump technology has improved rapidly in recent years, and now we can find tiny and relatively inexpensive pumps that work better than the big and costly ones of just a few years back.

The sound of moving water is soothing to the spirit, and even a moderate cascade brings a refreshing feeling and a brisk, clean scent to the air. If you are working on your garden resolutions, consider the idea of bringing more water and light into the garden. Both are worthy goals that will add to the garden’s beauty in every season. Both will also make the garden an even more restorative retreat for you and your friends and family. That sounds so good to me, I think I’ll go out and dig a little pond right now.

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Let’s Keep America’s Food Crops Safe

Just Say NO To GMO

Until now, gardeners almost anywhere could safely grow organic food for their family. This year, several seed companies offered Roundup-resistant GMO seed corn for backyard food growers. Suddenly home gardeners have to worry that wind-blown pollen from a neighbor’s veggie patch could contaminate their organic corn, turning it into GMO corn. Worst of all, without a lab test, there is no way to tell.

Is this a fantasy? Not to farmers in the US, Canada, Mexico and around the world whose corn, soy, and canola crops were similarly contaminated. Home gardeners don’t have to worry (probably) about being successfully sued by Monsanto for inadvertent “theft” of patented technology, as farmers have. But we do know that the GMO genes can be transferred from food crops to related weeds and grasses. What recourse do we have to make sure that our own backyards don’t host GMO cross-over plants?

Monsanto’s Queasy Rider

If Monsanto succeeds in getting a rider attached to the FY 2013 Agricultural Appropriations Bill, we may have less than none. The Monsanto Rider exempts GMO crops from federal law, allowing experimental GMO crops to be grown even if federal courts have ordered that an Environmental Impact Statement must be completed first.

Recent court cases have supported the rights of farmers to grow non-GMO crops and the rights of all of us to be free to chose to eat non-GMO foods. Because GMO cross-contamination interferes with these rights, Monsanto has lost some important cases worldwide. In order to keep their profits high, Monsanto hopes to put its corporate rights above the law.

Secrets And Lies

The House and Senate Appropriations Committees are holding closed-door sessions on the Ag bill, which the public is not allowed to review in any way. They’ll try to push for a vote in December, and once the bill is on the floor, no amendments are permitted, so it’s an all-or-nothing proposition.

Please contact your congressfolks and senators and let them know how you feel about this rider and its consequences. As a nation and as human beings, we are teetering on a very slippery slope in this GMO mess. Passage of this “blind bill” is a momentous decision and its outcomes will affect everyone of us forever.

Why An Organic Boycott?

In the meantime, we can also vote with our wallets by refusing to buy organic and “natural” foods from companies whose parent corporations contributed to the disgusting campaign against California’s Prop 37, The Right To Know Proposition. It’s easy enough for most of us not to buy these parent corporations’ mainstream products like Coke or Frosted Flakes; we already don’t. We’ll have a lot more impact if we also refuse to buy products from Alexia (Con-Agra), Morningstar Farms (Kellogg’s), Odwalla (Coca-Cola), Ben & Jerry’s (Unilever), and Muir Glen (General Mills). Yes, you can finish what’s in the pantry, but if we want to make a difference, we need to boycott where it hurts.

Here’s a link to a list of organic and “natural” foods whose owner companies support Monsanto’s attempt to put GMO crops beyond the law:

http://www.organicconsumers.org/articles/article_26621.cfm

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When Dealing With Drainage, Do It Right

Water Water Everywhere

Over the past few decades, we’ve seen “hundred year” weather events become every-few-year events. Even diehard deniers of global warming are grudgingly admitting that when it comes to weather, things just ain’t what they used to be. Thus, I am not alone in having an outdated, overwhelmed drainage system. The 30 year old curtain drain around the house failed for the first time last week, and a (rather expensive) visit from Roto Rooter proved that our roof drains also need repair and upgrading.

Sadly, we’ve already had drainage work done twice in the past six years. Happily, my housemate works for a realtor. She pointed out that good realtors are always being asked for service worker recommendations by both buyers and sellers. Because their name and reputation are on the line, experienced realtors can steer you to very good workers who are pleasant, courteous, very efficient and reasonably priced. What’s not to love?

Digging For Progress

When the garden looks like a little lake, it’s time to take a deep breath and make the call for help. Thus, I did. Now, a very knowledgeable young man is helping me figure out exactly what needs to be done to handle not just the water we’ve got but to accommodate the very real possibility that we’ll be experiencing very heavy rains more and more often in the near future.

Presently, our long, sloping driveway drains almost directly into the garage (it makes a little detour to flood the garden as well). The standard drain installed by the home builder some 18 years ago proved woefully inadequate for the big rains of recent years. It will be well worth the $1,000 or so this will cost to insure a dry home and garden as well as a firm driveway.

French Drains Ahoy

French drains are deservedly popular in the maritime Northwest. Thanks to combinations of soil types, sloping land, and house siting, many Northwestern properties do not drain as well as we would like them to. Many a backyard becomes a swamp in winter. Many a garden turns into a bog whenever it rains for a few hours. Worse still, many a slope starts slipping in wet weather.

Bluffs and slopes can be treacherous indeed. Overwatering in summer, excess tree cutting, and careless clearing make matters worse, but part of the problem is built in. Most Northwestern homes are built over a dense layer of hardpan (glacial till), almost impenetrable soil that often lies just a few inches below the surface.

When It Rains, It Pours

When it rains, the water percolates fairly quickly through sandy loam, gravel, or top soil. When water meets hardpan on a flat site it pools up, the starts traveling along the clay layer. Soon the yard becomes a quagmire. The soil turns sour and anaerobic and plants start to die because they can’t breathe.

On sloping sites like mine, water hits the hardpan and starts to form sheets that can run like underground rivers beneath the topsoil. Soon, the sodden soil becomes unstable. If the slope is steep enough and the soil is wet enough, you get slippage or even a landslide.

Check It Out

If you have had drainage problems in the past, take time to inspect your existing drainage systems now. Check guttersv, catch basins, drains, bioswales and any aboveground pipes to be sure nothing is clogged by leaves or fir needles. Lift the lids of any catch basins and manholes and take a peek. Most have two or three set screws to hold them in place. Excess sediment can prevent proper filtration, so scoop out any gunk you find in there.

Tile or relief drains may have accumulated grit and clay on top. This can create a kind of glazed surface that sheds rather than absorbs water. If breaking it up with a rake doesn’t work, try replacing a few inches of soil with clean 1/2 inch gravel. (Clean gravel has no smalls–the fine particles that clog drains easily.)

Build A Bioswale

Water-absorbing bioswales look something like dry stream beds. They are usually lined with a special blend of grasses that help control erosion. Often, feeder drains direct excess water into the swales, which channel the water into a storm drain or retention pond. If a swale runs well for part of its length, but seems to have less water instead of more as it moves along, you have a problem.

Often, this means that the swale crosses a patch of sandy soil and the water is leaching out too soon. Patching the side wall with clay or bentonite can help, as can adding a section of perforated drainage pipe to get water past the leak point. During the next downpour, make a tour of the yard and check to see that all the drainage pipes are flowing strongly. Any that stay dry or have only weak flow might be clogged or need repair.

Free Advice From the State

Check your state department of ecology for free advice on how to handle drainage and erosion issues. In Washington State, two very informative booklets called  ‘Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control Using Vegetation’ and ‘Surface Water and Groundwater on Coastal Bluffs’ are available for free online:

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/pubs/93-30/index.html

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/pubs/95-107/intro.html

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