Going Viral

Washing Hands As Meditation

Shutting Down And Opening Up

Here in Washington State, the epicenter of the novel coronavirus in the United States, the world is changing fast. In eight weeks, we’ve gone from mild curiosity to astonishment; every day I hear people saying, “This is really happening!”, like they weren’t sure until now. Even here, so close to Seattle, not much had changed in our daily lives. Until now. On January 20, the first US case of the virus was confirmed near Seattle. Today, there are 4,354 cases in the US, 837 of them in Washington (New York has passed us, with 950 today). The thing is, they aren’t cases, really. They’re people. Eighty of them are dead and more are desperately ill. And instead of offering direct help, the current regime is telling State Governors to find their own masks and respiratory equipment.

Indeed, the only reason that those early cases were identified at all is because of civil disobedience; a local doctor and local labs went ahead and tested for the virus despite direct orders NOT to do so from the CDC and the national government. We have these brave people to thank for getting those early sufferers the medical care they needed, and for reducing the spread of the virus by calling it out publicly (again against government orders). Had tests been available sooner, the virus could have been contained faster and would not have spread so far so fast. We’re also grateful for the quick and continuing response of Governor Inslee, who has been monitoring the situation hourly and issuing important if unpopular civil restrictions.

Flatten That Curve

By the end of last week, schools were to be closed starting today for up to six weeks; now it’s possible they won’t reopen until September. Kids are home, with worried parents who are often trying to work from home. Kid-sitting grandparents like me are kept at a distance, because anyone over 60 is told to stay home and self-isolate. No play dates allowed either, of course, because limiting contact with others is our best hope of “flattening the curve”, a phrase on everyone’s lips all of a sudden. As of this week, libraries are closed here and in many communities, from Seattle to small towns. Hearing of the likelihood, there was a huge run on books and the library here was crazy busy as people checked out enough books to keep them reading for six weeks. Now the closure dates are indefinite. There’s no book drop, since there’s no staff, so everyone gets to keep the books they have without fines until the libraries open again. So far, we haven’t been told not to swap books, but since the virus can last on hard surfaces for an unknown amount of time, most folks are using their kindles instead.

Watching the virus scream through Italy, we’ve learned that self isolating is worth practicing, since it really does help to reduce the spread of this new virus. Nobody is immune because it IS new. We’re learning to wash our hands very, VERY thoroughly. We’re learning that our greatest goal should be to remain safe and help to flatten the curve—the spread of the virus—for our communities. We’re even learning new ways to connect; last week I attended my first online board meeting. Today, we canceled my community’s March board meeting and our big annual potluck. Not only are we told not to gather in groups of more than ten, but we can’t rent our usual meeting place anyway, because the local Senior Center is closed by recommendation of our local Prepared group and the City of Bainbridge Island. Instead of getting together, we call, send cards, email, or text.  Instead of hugs or handshakes, we bow with folded hands. Namaste.

Social Distancing

On Thursday we posted a picture of our Senior Center knitting group, all sitting at least three feet apart, the then-suggested safe social distance. Almost immediately someone commented that it seemed irresponsible to meet like that. Indeed, today, the suggested social distance is nine feet, the distance droplets can fly should someone cough or sneeze near you. Moving a bit farther apart now…. At the Senior Center, we’re putting as many classes as possible online, on Zoom or video, from exercise to writing workshops, but we are no longer permitted to hold in-person events until further notice. Local churches are live-streaming services, limiting physically present folks to fewer than ten, widely spaced. Anyone coughing or sneezing is politely requested to go home.

Small businesses are closing their doors and applying for emergency loans to carry them through. On the streets of our small town, most shops are shut, offering online service or none at all. Bars and restaurants are limited to take-out options only; no sit-down meals allowed. And today, we’re hearing that most will close in a day or two, as they can’t afford to remain open or can’t get staff or both. Seattle is like a ghost town, with nobody on the streets. Well, almost nobody; homeless people with no place to go are gathering under the Fremont Bridge, in sheltered doorways of closed businesses, anyplace hot air comes up from underground vents. Even on the island, our homeless neighbors are wondering where their next meal is coming from as social services close their doors. Our Food Bank is still open but the offerings are now in take-out form.

Rest And Refresh

Our enforced isolation has several definite bright sides. In China, in Iran, and in Italy, pollution is reducing visibly as cars are left parked and businesses are shutting down. Travel bans are making the world quieter as plane flights are canceled and local traffic dwindles. At home, people are cleaning house of course, scrubbing down every possible flat surface, but also cleaning closets, emptying boxes of miscellany, finishing abandoned projects. Many of us are making and mending, knitting and sewing, crafting and building. In Italy, nobody is allowed to walk around without a reason, so people with dogs are sharing them so neighbors can get out and stretch their legs a bit. Though some people remain plugged in around here, others are finding time to unplug, taking walks without earbuds to listen to birds without noisy traffic and roaring airplanes.

This morning I read an interview on social distancing with Sister Mary Catharine Perry, a cloistered Dominican nun who has lived in a convent for 29 years. She offered some practical tips for those who aren’t used to spending so much time along or being at home with their families 24/7 (!!). She reminds us that structure is important for human wellbeing, so after a few lazy days of staycation, figure out a schedule that works for you. Get up and get dressed at a suitable time, eat wholesome meals without snacking too much, and spend time outside (the nuns have a big garden and grow much of their own food). Sister Mary Catharine finds that quiet, simple life to be both fulfilling and refreshing and suggests that as we wind down from the frantic pace of our usual overly busy lives, we too may discover that peace and comfort are available to us as well. Today, the bitter North wind finally blew itself out. The sun thawed the ice in my garden buckets and warmed the air and the soil. Birds sang. Seeds sprouted. I weeded and pruned and felt at peace. Onward.

Here’s her story:

https://www.nj.com/opinion/2020/03/im-a-nun-and-ive-been-social-distancing-for-29-years-here-are-tips-for-staying-home-amid-coronavirus-fears.html

 

 

 

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Antiviral Kitchen Herbs

 

Oregano, rosemary, fennel, kale, calendula, bay leaf

Harnessing Plant Power

Yesterday, the County confirmed the first known case of corona virus on Bainbridge Island, and today I heard about another one. Given the amount my neighbor islanders travel, it seemed only a matter of time before the virus would arrive here. By now, most people in the greater Seattle area are taking precautions to protect themselves from this fast-spreading virus-at least, those who are able to are. I can only imagine what it must feel like to be in a nursing home right now, or be disabled and reliant on caregivers, or living on the street with nowhere to go. I’ve been mildly baffled by the empty shelves where toilet paper and bottled water used to be, and saddened that our early responses have been weird, panic-driven hoarding instead of pulling together as communities.

Several friends and family members live or work within a few blocks of the nursing home where the Washington State outbreak started. Most of them are relatively young and fit, but they are working from home now, or working during off hours to minimize contact with others. My own little neighborhood has a high percentage of elderly people and here at least there’s a lot of outreach and assistance on offer. Soup is carried to the sick, groceries and mail brought to shut ins, dogs walked, gardens weeded. While local stores have plenty of toilet paper, there’s not a bottle of hand sanitizer to be had. A local artisan workshop had every protective face mask stolen from the woodworker shop, and they too are gone from local store shelves, along with zinc and elderberry extracts.

Washing In Washington

You can bet we’re all washing our hands well these days, often singing along to some cheerful ditty. I learned proper hand-washing techniques years ago in nursing school and have always been a bit finicky about it. Despite the obvious virus concerns, I’m not a fan of hand sanitizers. For starters, they’re no more effective than soap and water and often less, as people get careless when they think something is making them safe without effort. Though Triclosan, an antibacterial chemical that’s been proven to be a dangerous endocrine disrupter, was FINALLY ruled unsafe last April, older shelf stock may still contain it, along with 28 other unsafe ingredients, since sell-through of existing products was allowed. And let’s not forget that antibacterial hand sanitizers are most effective against, hello, bacteria, not viruses.

At home, we use Dr. Bronner’s liquid castile soaps, diluted to work in foaming soap dispensers. With a little vinegar and avocado oil added, it makes great shampoo and body wash as well, without chemical additives, and now I’m washing my hands with it so I don’t need to slather on moisturizer. Here’s my recipe below; I often infuse the water with rosemary and thyme, both good for hair and skin and both with antiviral properties. To make it, pour 1 cup of boiling water over 1/4 cup rosemary twigs (add 2 tablespoons of thyme twigs if you like; I use lemon thyme for the refreshing fragrance). Cover and steep for 20 minutes, strain and use for hair rinse and in the following recipe. Refrigerate in a tightly covered glass jar between uses.

Safe Shampoo, Hand And Body Wash

1 cup liquid castile soap
1 tablespoon cider vinegar
1 tablespoon avocado or olive oil
1/3 cup water (infused or plain)

Combine in a jar, shake well before each use. Use 2-3 teaspoons depending on how much hair you have (!). Rub into scalp and hair, rinse well, towel dry gently. Note that hair won’t feel “squeaky clean” but will dry soft and shining.

Gardening Boosts Immunity

I’ve been amused to see a lot of gardeners posting that staying home and avoiding crowds was extremely appealing in any case. Evidently quite a few of us geeky gardeners are introverts who feel better in the garden than out in public. That’s definitely true for me, and it’s heartening to find research that shows that gardening and being in natural surroundings is not only emotionally soothing but measurably boosts our immune systems. It makes me think that those folks who carried tussy-mussies of flowers and herbs to smell when walking through plague-stricken cities had the right idea; fragrance carries emotional weight. In my own garden, I’m making daily tussy-mussy bunches to sniff as I gather herbs. We use fresh herbs in everything from salads to soups, primarily because those bright, lively flavors give hearty winter foods a lift, but also because most herbs have antiviral properties.

Thanks to the increasing interest in growing foods and herbs, there’s been a fair bit of research on nutritional values and the efficacy of flavonoids and other natural plant compounds in recent years. Turns out that most traditional culinary herbs in many cultures have potent beneficial properties. Our ancestors my have been ignorant but they weren’t stupid and were of necessity keen observers. It’s certainly true that garden herbs, especially if harvested in winter, aren’t going to match the potency of commercially prepared extracts and pills, from thyme or oregano oil to elderberry and echinacea lozenges. On the other hand, freshness is always a factor in efficacy, and the only other ingredients in our own concoctions will be of our choosing.

Beyond Folk Tales

Elderberry is hugely popular for treating colds and flu, and here on the West Coast we have several native species, including Sambucus niger ssp. cerulea, closely related to the common European elderberry, Sambucus niger, which has long been the go-to medicinal species. First Nations people have used the native berries to treat illnesses for millennia and not surprisingly, they’re as useful as their European cousins. My daughter-in-love makes a lovely elderberry syrup which the family swears by; here’s a study on the antibacterial and antiviral effects of such syrups:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3056848/

Kitchen Garden Pests To The Rescue


After relentlessly ripping out as much lemon balm as possible, I had to chuckle to read that it contains highly effective antiviral compounds. Oops. Fortunately (I guess), my eradication efforts haven’t been completely successful and I found plenty of lemon balm foliage to drop in my teapot this morning, along with chopped ginger root (also anti-viral) and juice and slices of rind from the last of my own lemons (strongly antiviral). Covered with boiling water and steeped for 20 minutes, the result was refreshing and delicious, especially once I put in a little honey.

My little garden is also overrun with mellow spearmint and pungent peppermint, both traditional medicinals that do in fact contain powerful antibacterial and antiviral compounds. Both also make a pleasant sipping tea, combined with chamomile (antibacterial and antiviral), more lemon balm, and calendula petals (antiviral and anti-inflammatory). I’m tossing garlic greens and sprigs of fennel, thyme and oregano (antibacterial and antiviral) into raw kale and apple salads and in leek and mushroom omelets as well (fennel, onions and garlic being rich in many beneficial properties). As I glean these wholesome, health-enhancing snippets, I’m also breathing in their fragrances along with fresh, cool air. Just poking around in my still-chilly garden calms my mind and soothes my spirit. As they say these days, stay calm and wash your hands. Onward….

 

Posted in Health & Wellbeing, Hoarding, Nutrition, Recipes, Sustainable Gardening, Sustainable Living, Vegan Recipes | Tagged , , , , | 2 Comments

Butterfly & Pollinator Picnics

Asclepias speciosa

Winsome West Coast Natives

Yesterday, March duly arrived with chilly, wild winds, but now skies are blue and the temperature is finally rising; we may even hit 50 degrees today! As I’m clearing the garden of fading foliage and tumbling stalks, I’m keeping an eye out for sign of sleeping butterflies and bees. The bumbles are already waking up, nuzzling nectar from Oregon grape, flowering currants, and early cherries. Some of the overwintered kale is starting to bloom and though I cut most back to promote luxuriant side shoots, I always leave a few to flower for the early pollinators. I’ve found the flowers of all greens and herbs to be highly attractive to a pleasing variety of pollinators, from natives to European honeybees. Even so, I recognize that native critters prefer native plants (reasonably enough), so I’m planting more PNW natives every year, including nectar and fodder plants that support butterflies; might as well give those dratted Cabbage Whites some competition!

My tiny lot lacks room for a pollinator meadow, but even a single plant of native species is clearly a draw, as any sunny day demonstrates. Though my new neighborhood has been developed for over 60 years, a pleasing number of natives still appear, from that encroaching Oregon grape (hard to control in a small space) to the lovely bleeding heart (Dicentra formosa), with its lacy, silvery green foliage and tender pink blossoms, which remind me of party dresses from England’s Regency period. A neighbor and I share a redtwig dogwood, another terrific pollinator pleaser and a host plant for Spring Azures, Coppers, Hairstreaks and Blue butterflies. This spreading shrub definitely needs some restraining to keep in bounds but I love the glowing red stems in winter and the cheerful, chirping birds it shelters in spring.

Notable Natives For Butterflies

Even small gardens like mine have room for some Coast Rock Cress (Arabis blepharophylla). It’s mainly found along rocky sea coasts in its native California but has long been popular in Europe, where numerous color forms have been selected and named over the years. This cute little cress makes neat mounds of soft green foliage studded with deliciously fragrant, rosy flowers in spring, rich in nectar that will attract flocks of Orange Tip and other butterflies. Inland, this sweetie needs more moisture than in coastal areas, as well as some protection from hot afternoon sun.

I’m also fond of pussytoes, adorable little meadow plants that provide nectar for a number of native pollinators as well as fodder and shelter for Painted Lady, Angelwing, Fritillary and Checkerspot butterflies. The West Coast boasts a number of native Pussytoes, and I’m growing Antennaria dioica (now called A.d. var. corymbosa) partly because it’s endangered in Washington State. Still fairly common in California, this tidy little perennial makes a pretty and popular addition to any pollinator meadow or butterfly way stations. Another aster cousin, silvery little Pussytoes thrives in meadows and open woodland settings as well as in gardens.

The Toughies Can Take It

Another persistent native that pops up on its own is Western Pearly Everlasting (Anaphalis margaritacea). Ideal for rough areas and newly planted pollinator meadows, it tolerates poor and polluted soils, drought, and almost total neglect. Native across North American and Asia, this tough little perennial aster cousin is an important host plant for Painted Lady, Angelwing, Fritillary and Checkerspot butterflies. The stems and foliage undersides are covered with silvery fuzz and the slim stems are tipped with clusters of small chartreuse flowers densely surrounded with papery white bracts. Though too often scorned as a weed, I personally enjoy seeing it alive with pollinators in summer, and flower arrangers appreciate the dried flower heads, which remain handsome for months and are often used in dried flower wreaths.

Perennials meadow cress (Cardamine pratensis) has made its way around the world, with circumpolar distribution, so no surprise to find that it’s another toughie that can make itself at home in a wide range of situations. It has plenty of kin throughout the Pacific Northwest and into Northern California, all of them highly attractive to pollinators and valuable host plants for butterflies, including Sulfers, Whites and Orange Tips. The small flowers are cute rather than gorgeous but they get way more bee and butterfly visits than bigger, gaudier blooms can boast. Meadow cress thrives best in moist meadows and in gardens with decent soil and regular watering.

Monarch Munchies

By now, pretty much everyone knows that if we want to save the Monarch butterflies, we have to put some effort into planting their hosts. The West Coast has a number of native milkweeds, including Asclepias incarnata, A. speciosa, and A. tuberosa, all of which will support a number of native pollinators. Thus, I think they’re worth planting whether or not any wandering Monarchs might be passing through. West Coast Monarch visits have been in the decline but last year saw a truly remarkable upswing, largely thanks to a band of devoted gardeners in and around Brookings, Oregon, who preserved and nurtured a number of Monarchs, some of which turned out to be exceptionally prolific moms, each laying hundreds of eggs over time. Rather than leaving things to chance, local advocates collected all the eggs they found and hand raised the caterpillars on home grown milkweed. When the local gardens and butterfly way stations ran out of milkweed, gardeners throughout the region drove in buckets of leafy stems by the carload, keeping the baby boomers alive. Banded butterflies from these few original gardens were tracked into California and all concerned are hopeful that their efforts can make a positive difference in turning the tide.

Though not native to the PNW, I’ve been thrilled to see butterflies feasting on the nectar of Angelica gigas, a splendid Korean carrot cousin with huge, wine purple heads like Queen Anne’s lace on steroids. A short lived perennial, it self sows generously and provides a welcome uprising note with stalks that climb 4-6 feet into the air. The flowers are extremely attractive to many pollinators, including swallowtail butterflies, as are the equally lovely if smaller and lower growing blossoms of colorful Dara carrots, with wine red, raspberry or plum colored umbels. Even as I’m planting, I’m enjoying the hum and buzz of busy pollinators in my imagination; few things are more marvelous than a garden alive with the lively presence of pollinators and the beautiful flutterings of butterflies. Onward, right?

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Food Or Fodder

Awwww

Keeping Critters Out Of The Garden

As winter retreats, plump buds are opening on shrubs and trees and bulbs and perennials are waking up. This does not escape the notice of a horde of hungry critters, from raccoons and rabbits to rats, beavers, deer and more. Considering how fast woodlands and wild lands are being converted to housing and shopping malls, it’s hard to blame them for being drawn to our gardens, but it’s also hard to simply stand by and let them rip. Young, tasty ornamental trees and shrubs can be protected with wire cages until they’re large enough to outgrow the browsers’ best efforts. True, they are not very attractive, but neither are mangled plants. Since caging isn’t always practical, I’ve used several variations on a revolting elixir that discourages quite a few critters, especially when it’s fresh.

The most recent version of this concoction uses a lot of lemon balm because it grows all over the yard, as does peppermint, which is also quite an effective repellent. The soap acts as a surfactant (sticking agent) and the eucalyptus soap is fairly critter-offensive even on its own (peppermint soap works well too). Straining the glop through cheesecloth keeps the sprayer from clogging, and the ground up remains can be strewn around lettuce, strawberries or other critter-favored plants.

Critter Chaser

1 cup (about 10 large) garlic cloves, coarsely chopped
3 cups fresh lemon balm, lightly packed
2 cups peppermint, lightly packed
1 tablespoon Dr. Bronner’s Eucalyptus liquid castile soap
OR
1 tablespoon plain liquid castile soap
Few drops eucalyptus oil

In a food processor, grind garlic and herbs with a few tablespoons of water to a fine slurry. Add enough water to make it pourable and transfer to a gallon jug. Fill with water, add the soap and let stand overnight. The next day, strain through a large funnel lined with several layers of cheesecloth. Fill a spray bottle, then spray around the edges of the garden and on critter-nibbled plants. Refrigerate the gallon jug, and spray again every few days and/or after it rains.

Safeguarding Food

Edibles are another thing all together; if we want to grow a significant amount of food for our family, serious plot protection is definitely in order lest our food become fodder. Consider the fact that the average buck needs to eat five or six pounds of foliage, buds, and twigs every day in spring, which may require roaming over a hundred acres or more. Working that hard takes energy, which requires more fodder, and our lush gardens are simply too rich a food supply to pass up.

Yes, deer fencing that is both effective and long lasting is not cheap, but if we plan to grow and harvest much of our daily food, fence we must. It’s worth taking some time to investigate effective fencing materials and techniques, from double-fencing to peanut butter wire. Double fencing can trick (some) deer into thinking a site is inaccessible by creating a baffling space between two relatively low fences. Usually, this involves two five-foot fences five feet apart, a model both farmers and gardeners report (at least some) success with. A peanut butter fence partners electrified wires with bait, and according to the ICWDM,
“The peanut butter fence is effective for small gardens, nurseries, and orchards (up to 3 to 4 acres) subject to moderate deer pressure. Deer are attracted by the peanut butter and encouraged to make nose-to-fence contact. After being shocked, deer learn to avoid fenced areas.”

That Good Tutorial

The Internet Center For Wildlife Damage Management, a joint effort supported by four major universities, offers an impressive range of options as well as an excellent tutorial:

http://icwdm.org/handbook/mammals/Deer.asp

Where To Find Supplies

Rather than scope out the local hardware store, try farm supply companies such as Farmtek Grower’s Supply, which carries rolls of galvanized steel fencing that come in many heights. You’ll also need stout posts that can stand up to male antler rubbing.

https://www.growerssupply.com/farm/supplies/cat;15052;ft_livestock_supplies;ft_livestock_fencing.html

The National Wildlife Research Center recommends that deer fencing be 7-8 feet high. Very effective 8-foot fencing can be made with two tiers of 4-foot stockade wire, tightly strung between sturdy posts. Place smaller-mesh sections in the middle (deer nose height), strung closely together with cable ties or wire. Where rabbits and raccoons are roaming, place the smaller-mesh section of the bottom stockade wire at ground level to frustrate short critters and the small-mesh part of the top section mid-fence. Western ranchers use fence wire stretcher tools to keep tension even on wire fencing, which helps prevent deer pushing through. Look as well for stretcher-splicer tools, which reconnect broken wire to restore the integrity of wire-strung fencing after storm damage. Onward!

Posted in pests and pesticides, Pets & Pests In The Garden, Sustainable Gardening | Tagged , | 2 Comments