When Summer Simply Does Not Behave

Kind of a Bummer Summer

What a crazy summer this is being. Temperatures dip into the 40’s at night, then rise into the 80’s by day–some days. Other days are cold and grey, with sullen wind but no rain. This reminds me forcibly of the cool, grey summers of the 1970’s and early 80’s, when we often enjoyed (ok, experienced) similar temperatures in June and January.

My greens are still happy as grigs, the kale remaining tender and delicious even as it bolts in the sudden heat. My fall peas are scrambling madly up their netting, setting handsome crops of pods but not yet swelling into proper plumpness. My onions are sizing up and my herbs are perfectly happy.

However

However, my heat loving crops are not very happy. The tomatoes I swaddled in bubblewrap are producing plenty of foliage and quite a few flowers, but the sudden bursts of heat after a string of cold days causes too many of the blossoms to drop. Still, I’ve got a good crop of green tomatoes coming along, though slowly.

Of the grafted tomatoes,  the Sungold/Sweet Million combo is the winner, probably because I kept its pot in my sunporch all summer. Protected from cold nights, this plant set lots of cute fruit that ripen into delectable nuggets. I suspect it did so well because I leave the screen door ajar all day for my elderly cat. This also allows free access for bees and other pollinators that are attracted by the sumptuous scent of my Klehm’s Hardy gardenia. The gardenia could grow outside, but I keep it indoors where I can delight in its long, long bloom season, and it is very handy for pulling in the pollinators.

Ichiban Eggplant

The grafted Ichiban eggplant also produced nicely, and I found some lovely ways to enjoy those long, slim eggplants. For instance, here’s a super easy recipe that tastes amazing and takes almost no time to prepare. Serve these pretty grillers over rice or in split pita bread slathered with yogurt or baba ganoudj. Yum!

Grilled Teriyaki Eggplant

4 Japanese eggplants, 6-8 inches long
1/4 cup teriyaki sauce

Slice eggplant in half lengthwise, brush with teriyaki sauce and grill over medium coals or gas on both sides until tender (about 5 minutes per side; start with skin side down). Serves four as an entree or eight as a side dish.

Cooking When Weather Is Crazy

This summer’s weather has been so changeable that it is almost impossible to plan a menu more than a day or two ahead. Make cold salads and the day will be as raw as October. Make hot soup and you’ll get a cloudless day with record-breaking heat. Here are some simple yet extraordinarily delicious salads that taste great any time.

Both have the same basis: white beans and tuna. Despite sharing quite a few ingredients, they taste very different. The French version is richer, the Italian version spunkier, both are easy to make and somewhat addictive.

The French Way

When I served this French tuna salad at a recent lunch party, everybody asked for the recipe, which is so simple it is almost embarrassing. Kalamata olives are quite salty, so I never add salt to this, but you may want to do so if you use less salty olives.

French White Bean and Tuna Salad

7 ounces cooked tuna, flaked (drained if canned)
1-1/2 cups cooked cannellini or any white beans, rinsed and drained
3/4 cup artichoke hearts in oil, thinly sliced
1/2 cup pitted kalamata olives, quartered lengthwise
2-3 tablespoons capers, drained
1 tablespoon vinaigrette
OR
1 tablespoon fruity olive oil
1-2 teaspoons cider vinegar (to taste)
few grinds black pepper

Combine all ingredients, toss gently, cover tightly and refrigerate overnight or for at least an hour. Serve over mixed greens (including some arugula for bite).

The Italian Way

I also love the Italian tuna salad I learned to make as a student in Perugia. For a taste twist, use lemon infused olive oil and white balsamic vinegar instead of lemon juice; utterly sublime! This is especially lovely over shredded Red Romaine or Butter lettuce.

Italian White Bean and Tuna Salad

7 ounces cooked tuna, flaked (drained if canned)
1-1/2 cups cooked cannellini or any white beans, rinsed and drained
2 stalks celery, thinly sliced
4 crimini or brown field mushrooms, thinly sliced
1/4 cup flat Italian parsley, stemmed
1 tablespoon fruity olive oil
1-2 teaspoons fresh lemon juice (to taste)
1/4 teaspoon sea salt
few grinds black pepper
1 cup Sungold or any cherry tomatoes, halved

Combine all ingredients except cherry tomatoes, toss gently, cover tightly and refrigerate overnight or for at least an hour. Add tomatoes, toss gently, and serve over mixed greens.

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Tips For Lavender Lovers

Time To Harvest Lavender

If you have not yet gathered in your lavender blossoms, do so now, before the flower heads fall off. Pick stems as long as possible, gather the lavender in loose bunches and stand them flowers-up in tall vases (no water, please). Place them in a cool, dry spot out of direct light and they will finish drying in a week or so.

If you want to make lavender wands or similar craft projects, use the stems fresh, when they are still supple. The best lavender for stem crafting is Fred Boutin, a fragrant form with deep lavender blue flowers and especially long, sturdy stems. Named after an American horticulturalist with a good eye for fine plants, Lavandula Fred Boutin can reach four feet in height, making a handsome informal hedge plant for a sunny spot. The upright, grey-leaved bushes remain shapely into middle age with light annual trimming.

Harvesting The French Way

I love harvesting lavender, which always reminds me of the lavender fields of Provence.  When I was a student in Italy, friends took me to work on a small French farm near Aix en Provence. In summer, we picked cherries and lavender. That fall, we came back and helped with the grape harvest. At that time, both the lavender and the grapes were hand picked. Lavender was bundled and hand tied in the field. It was hot, back breaking work, but the thought of lunch time kept us going.

At noon, the farmer built a small fire against the low stone wall that bound the fields. Over hastily gathered handfuls of wild rosemary, thyme and sage, we grilled fresh sausages which we ate with local bread. Afterwards, we napped in the cool farm house, where the smell of lavender mingled with the herbal smoke clung to our hair and clothing in a magical perfume.

Picking grapes was even better. We sat on upturned buckets and picked into baskets. Small boys ran between the rows, gathering up full baskets and leaving empty ones. The boys loaded the harvest into the larger panniers of two donkeys. Both wore straw hats with holes cut out for their big ears. Black and white magpies flew down to steal grapes (and our hand clippers, if we were careless).

Somehow, I doubt whether the harvest is still quite like this, even in rural France (though it might be, since the French love their own culture, and rightly so). I do know that the smell of lavender is just as enchanting here in the maritime Northwest as it is in the South of France.

Growing and Trimming Lavender

If you want to try growing some lavender yourself, take time to find just the right place. These Mediterranean evergreen shrubs need excellent drainage and as much sun as possible to thrive. Like sage, rosemary, and thyme, lavenders prefer lean, well-drained soils. In richer soils, they often grow too quickly, becoming floppy and open. To avoid this, do not feed lavenders at all and don’t water them once they are established.

To keep lavenders from getting leggy, grow them lean and trim them back a bit each summer. August is an excellent time to do this. Don’t cut back into bare stems, because old wood will not reliably regrow. The idea is to remove about a third of the leafy part of each stem.  Obviously, this removes all the flowering stems. Since so many insects enjoy lavender blossoms, I shear mine on a staggered schedule. Half the bushes get trimmed back every other year, leaving plenty of flowers for all.

Rooting Stem Cuttings

You can often root the stem tips in August as well. Mix potting soil with gritty sand for good drainage. Strip the leaves off the bottom two inches of your cuttings and stick them into the damp soil. Set them where they get lots of indirect light but no direct sun, keep them moist, and leave them alone. Most will probably root by winter.

Best For The West

As noted, my favorite lavender for crafting is Lavandula angustifolia Fred Boutin. Fred’s extra-long internodes and sturdy stems make terrific lavender wands and woven ribbon balls. L.a. ‘Jean Davis’ is a smaller, fine textured grey leaved lavender with soft pink flowers. This compact shrublet does well in large containers, along with showers of black and soft purple petunias.

I like to thread the borders with husky columns of upright ‘Tuscan Blue’ rosemary, one of the hardier forms in the maritime Northwest. I often edge smaller paths with compact Munstead and use chunkier, abundantly blooming Twickle for larger paths or driveways.

Goodwin Creek Grey has handsomely toothed foliage that looks great all year long. It is a long bloomer that will grow happily indoors in a sunny window and makes a sturdy, beautiful border shrub. Grosso is a heavy-headed, generous bloomer with especially fragrant flowers that hold their scent well in pot pourris or dried arrangements.

Best At The Beach

French or Spanish lavender (Lavandula stoechas) has large flowerheads with colorful bracts that make a showy display in summer. Most flower in purple or pink, but white forms are occasionally available. This one is a bit more tender and does best in beach gardens or very sheltered spots with lots of sun and no wind. In my Mom’s hot, exposed garden, Spanish lavender reseeds itself regularly, thanks to the reflected light and heat from the nearby parking lot.

Pine scented green lavender (Lavandula viridis)  has grass green foliage and flowers with an intense, spicy scent. These tender little shrubs often vanish in a hard winter but the seed readily. The seedlings grow quickly into foot-tall replacements that fill the air with penetrating fragrance.

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Bringing Beets to the Table

What To Do With A Bounty Of Beautiful Beets

Our beets are doing very well this year and we are happily adding them to soups and pastas. I especially love beets in hot or chilled summer salads and recently enjoyed handmade ravioli stuffed with a pesto made of smoked beets and pine nuts that tasted ambrosial.

Since my larger garden is overrun with deer, I grow my beets in containers on my deck, huge tree pots that hold several cubic feet of soil blended with mature compost and top dressed with composted dairy manure. A surprising array of vegetables produce quite well in them, from greens of all kinds to onions and leeks, carrots, beets, peas and potatoes.

Better Beet Greens

One of my favorite ways to enjoy beets is in a hot salad with beet greens and new potatoes, dressed with a classic vinaigrette. I also sizzle them briefly in olive oil with garlic and rosemary or thyme, or steam them and serve them with a squeeze of fresh citrus juice (all sorts, from oranges or tangerines to lemons or limes).

Avoid stringy, tough beet greens by harvest when the leaves are about the size of a soup spoon. Pick outer leaves first, and leave plenty behind for future growth. The youngest leaves are delicious raw, but as the beetroots swell, the leaves grow thicker and need gentle cooking to be at their most tasty. When you harvest beets, toss any elderly, leathery ones on the compost heap and bring only the youngest, most tender leaves to the kitchen.

Keeping Color Where It Belongs

Beets are famous for staining clothing and indeed, beet skins of any color make a vivid golden dye. Unless the dye is used on fabric that has been treated with a mordant to make the color fast, the richness of the color will be fleeting, though a faded stain may remain for years.  Beet dye can even stain enamel, so only cook whole, unpeeled  beets with several inches of stem still attached when using enameled cookware.

Since beet cooking water seems to have a remarkable ability to leap from the pot to stain clothing, wear an old shirt or large apron during kitchen prep. Beets stains on table linens, towels, and clothing can (sometimes) be removed by applying a thick paste of moist salt and baking soda as soon as possible. To remove beet stains from your hands, rub them with coarse salt and lemon juice.

Grilled Salmon with Beets

Handsome and flavorful, Grilled Salmon With Beet & Orange Salsa is lively with fresh citrus juices and smoky ancho chiles. The simple beet salsa is also great with roasted vegetables.

Grilled Salmon With Beet & Orange Salsa

1 teaspoon virgin olive oil
3 cloves garlic, chopped
1/2 teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon lemon thyme, stemmed
1 teaspoon rosemary, stemmed
1/2 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
1 1/2 pounds salmon fillet
1/2 red onion, chopped
2 cups cooked beets, diced
1 red sweet pepper, chopped
2 organic oranges, sectioned and peeled
1 organic orange, juiced, rind grated
1 organic lime, juiced
2-4 tablespoons ancho chiles, chopped

Preheat oven broiler or start coals in grill. In a bowl, combine oil, garlic, 1/4 teaspoon salt, thyme, rosemary and pepper. Rinse fish, pat dry and rub with herbed oil mixture, set aside. In a bowl, gently toss the red onion, beets, red pepper, orange sections and cilantro with the orange juice, grated rind, lime juice, ancho chiles, and remaining salt, set aside.  Grill or broil fish until opaque (10-12 minutes). Cover ˛tightly with foil and let sit for 10 minutes. Serve with beet and orange salsa. Serves 4.

An Elegant Beet Salad

I often make this flavorful, mildly addictive French salad in late summer, as the apple crop comes in. I especially love this made with crunchy Honeycrisp apples, though it’s also very good made with Braeburns or Granny Smiths.

French Beet Salad

1 organic lemon, juiced, rind grated
2 tablespoons wine vinegar
1/2 cup virgin olive oil
1 tablespoon Dijon mustard
1/4 teaspoon kosher or sea salt
1/4 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
1 bunch flat Italian parsley, stemmed
1 cup walnut halves, toasted
1 1/2 cups cooked beets, diced
3 crisp apples, cored, pared and diced

In a jar, combine 1 teaspoon lemon rind, the vinegar, oil, mustard, salt, and pepper. Cover tightly, shake well to emulsify and set aside. In a serving bowl, toss the apples gently with lemon juice. Add beets and walnuts, toss again with dressing and serve, garnished with parsley. Serves 4-6.

Hot Potato Beet Salad

Cooking the potatoes with garlic, just until tender crisp, helps them hold their shape and texture well. For a hearty main dish, add cooked shrimp or hard boiled eggs.

2 medium beets
4 Yukon Gold potatoes, thinly sliced
1/2 teaspoon kosher or sea salt
3 cloves garlic, minced or pressed
1 tablespoon balsamic or wine vinegar
1/4 teaspoon freshly ground pepper
3 tablespoons fruity olive oil
2 stalks celery, sliced
1 cup red or sweet onion, chopped
1 teaspoon fresh thyme, stemmed and chopped
2 cups beet greens, stemmed and shredded
1/2 cup fresh basil, shredded

In a saucepan, cover beets with water, boil until tender (about 20 minutes), drain, skin and dice. In a saucepan, cover potatoes with water. Add 1/4 teaspoon salt and half the garlic, bring to a boil over medium high heat and simmer until tender (8-10 minutes). Drain and put in a serving bowl with diced beets. Sprinkle immediately with vinegar, salt, and pepper, then drizzle with half the olive oil and toss with celery and half the onion. In a wide, shallow pan, combine remaining onion, oil, garlic and thyme over medium high heat and cook for 1 minute. Add beet greens, cover pan and cook until tender (about 3 minutes). Gently toss with potatoes and beets and serve.  Refrigerate leftovers for up to 2 days (flavor gets even better). Serves 4-6.

A Toothsome Twist On Basic Borscht

Spicy Ginger Beet Soup is a tasty takeoff on classic Borscht. Serve this hearty entree with warm oatmeal muffins and a fresh green salad dressed with lemon-garlic dressing to unify the meal.

Ginger Beet Soup

4 beets (about 2 pounds), scrubbed
2 cloves garlic, chopped
2 organic lemons, juiced, rind grated
1/4 teaspoon kosher or sea salt
1 teaspoon olive oil
2 inches fresh ginger root, finely chopped
2 stalks celery, chopped
1 Walla-Walla Sweet onion, chopped
2 cups ±vegetable broth
1/4 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
1/4 cup sour cream (nonfat works fine)

Place beets in a small saucepan and cover with water. Add half the garlic, half the lemon juice and rind, and half the salt. Bring water to a boil over high heat, then reduce heat to medium low and simmer until beets are fork tender (30-40 minutes). Drain beets, straining and reserving the broth. When cool enough to handle, peel beets and coarsely chop them. In a saute or frying pan, heat oil with remaining garlic, ginger, and celery over medium high heat. Cook, stirring, until soft (3-5 minutes). In a blender or food processor, combine beets, garlic-ginger mixture, and onion with 2 cups reserved broth and puree to desired consistency (lumpy or smooth). Add vegetable broth, remaining lemon juice and rind, then season to taste with pepper, starting with 1/8 teaspoon. Serve cold or at room temperature, topped with sour cream. Serves 4.

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Charlotte’s Legacy

Please Don’t Squash That Spider

Almost every day recently I have blundered into spiderwebs that drape the garden, stretching from branch to twig to leaf everywhere I (don’t) look. It must be August, the month of spiders. Each summer, the air is filled with what looks like cottonwood down but is really a host of infant spiders, riding the wind on silken parachutes. Thanks to E.B. White’s charming story, Charlotte’s Web, the sight cheers many a gardener’s heart. Charlotte taught us to appreciate the delicate beauty of spider webs and helped us see spiders as nature’s bug catchers.

Observant gardeners may identify dozens of these hungry helpers, of which some 30,000 species are found worldwide. In our own gardens, we are most apt to notice plump orb spiders sitting by intricate webs. Many have ornate back patterns that offer protective coloration, attract mates, and even inspire artwork (imagine a needlepoint pillow worked like a dappled spider!). In bed and borders, hunting spiders catch aphids and mosquitoes, while crab spiders wait patiently for tiny wasps to visit flowers, cleverly altering their body color to match the host blossom.

Aphids and Flies and Cockroaches and Earwigs…

Although spiders are fascinating to watch, their big appetite for insects is what endears them to the gardener.  Spiders are not insects but insect eaters. Eight-legged arachnids, from garden spiders to their distant kin, the horseshoe crabs, honor the mythological Arachne who won a weaving contest with Athena herself. Though many spider species are hunters, well over half are web spinning trappers. Prolific past counting, spiders consume an estimated five to ten times as many insects as birds, helping gardeners and farmers all over the world to keep plant pests at bay.

Weaving A Web

Most of us first notice garden spiders when their webs spangle the garden like great, lacy doilies. The bullseye webs of orb spiders are the most obvious, but a little searching will reveal webs like funnels, sheets, and hammocks as well as the rag-bag webs called “cobs”. Some spiders create new webs each day, while others make a single web that endures a lifetime. Many species keep their webs immaculate, instantly repairing the least flaw, while a few let their webs degrade into tatters before replacing them.

Spider silk starts as liquid protein, squirting from tiny organs called spinnerets. Instantly, it hardens into thread so durable that scientists spent years attempting to reproduce it. Today, synthetic spider silk is used by NASA in space missions and in hospitals for micro-surgical applications.

Arachne’s Finest

Spider silk’s strength and elasticity change depending on its production; the faster silk is spun, the tougher it is. In one test, a single spider produced 150 yards of the strongest dragline silk in just over an hour. Finer than human hair, each strand is actually a hollow, twisting tube; the spiraling turns provide elasticity and the inner tube holds a reserve of sticky capturing fluid.

Up to three times stronger than steel, spider silk can stretch twice its original length before breaking. Moisture won’t rot it. Heat and cold can’t change it. Spiders, however, recycle their miracle fiber effortlessly, consuming old webs and converting the stored protein into new ones in under an hour.

Spinning On The Wind

Since spinnerets lack muscle fibers, spiders use gravity and wind to alter silk production speed for each kind of thread. First, they squat over the primary web attachment point, eject a dab of silk, then release themselves to the wind. These sturdy support threads (and hunting spiders’ draglines) are spun the fastest, while more supple inner web segments are built inch by inch. Finest of all are the capture threads used to bind insect prey. Certain spiders fill the inner web with a series of rickrack-like threads (stabilimentum) that reflect light, perhaps to warn web-breaking birds away.

In the beautiful orb spider webs, the main dragline anchors an irregular outline which is filled in with a series of radiating spokes. These are woven together with a wheeling spiral of silk, smooth on the outside and sticky at the center. When bugs and small moths blunder into the web, they stick there until their thrashing alerts the waiting spider, who rushes in for the capture and the kill.

Next time you spot a spider, think of all the bugs he or she has eaten and just say thank you!

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